1. Autu Oloa

O le graphite packing gland o se vaega fa'apitoa e fa'aogaina -fa'atatau mo le fa'afetauia o le fa'apipi'iina o kalafi (fa'apipi'i kalafi fe'avea'i, fa'apipi'i graphite fa'amalosia, ma isi). O lana galuega autu o le faaliliu lea o le malosi a'o le'i fa'amauina -malosi i le mamafa tutusa, fa'apipi'i le fa'apipi'i o le kalafi e fa'atumu ai le va i le va o vaega fe'avea'i mea faigaluega (fa'ata'ita'iga, u'u) ma pusa fa'atumu-ma fa'atupuina ai se feso'ota'iga fa'amaufa'ailoga mautinoa, maualalo-fa'amau. O lenei atina'e e puipuia lelei ai le tafe mai o ala o faasalalauga (suavai, kasa, ausa) a'o fa'afeiloa'i sina si'itia axial/radial o vaega feliuliua'i.

O lona taua autu o loʻo atagia i:

Fa'atalanoaina o fa'atiga masani i faiga fa'amaufa'ailoga masani, e pei o le fa'apipi'i le tutusa ma le fa'amaufa'ailoga fa'aletonu e mafua mai i le fa'amalieina o le mamafa;

Fegalegaleai ma ituaiga eseese ma faʻamatalaga o le faʻapipiʻiina o kalafi (faʻataʻitaʻiga, faʻapipiʻi graphite mama, Inconel-faʻapipiʻi graphite faʻamalosia), talafeagai mo fesoʻotaʻiga eseese o mea faigaluega (pamu, valve, reactors);

Fa'ateleina le ola tautua o le fa'apipi'iina o kalafi e ala i le fa'atumauina o le mautu, fa'aauau pea le utaina, ma fa'aitiitia tau e feso'ota'i ma suiga faifaipea.

2. Fa'ainisinia Fa'atekinisi

Fa'atatau i tulaga tau alamanuia (API 682, ISO 3704) ma fa'amaumauga fa'avasega fa'apitoa - tagata fa'apitoa, o fa'amatalaga fa'apitoa e fa'apea:

Vaega Parameter	Fa'amatalaga/Vaega
Filifiliga Mea	304 u'amea u'amea, 316/316L u'amea u'amea, Hastelloy C-276, carbon sila (Q235B, u'amea)
Fuafuaga Tele	I totonu (ID): Φ5mm~Φ200mm; Tamita i fafo (OD): Φ15mm~Φ280mm; Mafiafia: 8mm~50mm (fa'apitoa lapopo'a fa'apitoa)
Tau Faatatau	-200 tikeri ~ 600 tikeri (ea / oxidizing atemosifia); -200 tikeri ~ 800 tikeri (inert atemosifia, eg, nitrogen/argon)
Omiga talafeagai	E itiiti ifo pe tutusa ma le 40MPa (faʻamalosi malosi); E itiiti ifo pe tutusa ma le 35MPa (malosi malosi, e faʻatatau i mea faʻasolosolo)
Lapata'i Talafeagai	Φ5mm~Φ50mm (li'o, sikuea, po'o fa'alava fa'asaga -fa'afa'afa'afafa'ameamea)
Fa'asaa o luga	I totonu: Ra itiiti ifo pe tutusa ma le 1.6 μm; Mata i fafo: Ra itiiti ifo pe tutusa ile 3.2 μm
Fa'atonuga Puu	Numera o pu: 4-16 (tufatufaina tutusa); Avanoa: M6~M30 (metric) / 1/4"~1" (malo)
Saosaoa Linear aupito maualuga	E itiiti ifo pe tutusa ma le 20m/s (fa'atatau i 'olo fe'avea'i, e mana'omia ai-saosaoa fa'aputu kalafi)
Tete'e a'e	304/316 u'amea u'amea: Pasa 500-itula su'ega masima; Hastelloy C-276: Leai se a'a taua ile 10% vaifofo ole su'a

3. Vaega Autu

Faʻavae i luga o suʻesuʻega faʻamaumauga tetele o manaʻoga faʻamaufaʻailoga fale gaosi oloa (ufiufi maualuga teteʻe o le corrosion, faigofie o le tausiga, lautele tulaga faigaluega fetuutuunai, ma isi), graphite afifi glands ei ai uiga autu nei:

(1). Tumama & pala-Filifiliga Mea e Tetee

Fa'aaogaina o u'amea fa'apitoa tau alamanuia ma le malosi fa'ainisinia maualuga ma le fa'a'ele'ele:

304/316 u'amea u'amea: E talafeagai mo ala fa'a'a'a lautele (fa'ata'ita'iga, suau'u, vai vaivai);

Hastelloy C-276: E fetaui lelei mo ala fa'a'a'a'a (fa'ata'ita'iga, sulfuric acid, kasa chlorine);

Uamea kaponi ua ufiufi: Tau-tatau, talafeagai mo si'osi'omaga e le -a'a.

O mea nei e tete'e i fa'ama'i, tafia o vaila'au, ma le fa'aleagaina o le vevela, ma mautinoa ai le -fa'agaioiga fa'atuatuaina umi i si'osi'omaga faigata.

(2). Fuafuaga Fa'atulagaina mo Fa'amauina Fa'amauga Lelei

E lua fausaga autu:

Tulaga tu'ufa'atasi: Talafeagai mo -laiti lapopoa/valves; faigofie ona faʻapipiʻi, faʻatasi ai ma le maualalo o le leakage;

Ituaiga vaevae: E fetaui mo mea tetele-diamita po'o luga-tausia o nofoaga; e leai se manaʻoga e faʻateʻaina le 'au, faʻaitiitia le taimi e sili atu i le 40%;

Tu'u sa'o -fa'agogo i totonu: Talatala o luga Ra E itiiti ifo pe tutusa ma le 1.6 μm, fa'apipi'i fa'apipi'i fa'a'au/valve 'au e 'alofia ai le "su'e o le itu" e mafua mai le tele o va;

Fa'asoa fa'atasi pu fa'amau: Fa'amautinoa le paleni fa'aaoga muamua- malosi fa'amau, puipuia le so'ona ova po'o lalo ifo o le fa'apipi'iina o kalafi.

(3). Tulaga Galue Lautele Fetuuna'i

Faʻafetaui le faʻatinoga o le faʻapipiʻiina o kalafi e faʻafetaui ai tulaga ogaoga o galuega:

Va'aiga vevela: -200 tikeri ~600 tikeri (ea/oxidizing atemosifia); e oʻo atu i le 800 tikeri i lalo o le ea lemu pe a faʻapipiʻi ma le faʻapipiʻiina o le vevela maualuga;

Va'aiga o le mamafa: E itiiti ifo pe tutusa ma le 40MPa (o'omiga fa'amau), e fetaui mo pamu -ma'a maualuga ma fa'a'a'amea i totonu o le petrokimia ma le malosi faaniukilia;

Feso'ota'iga ala fa'asalalau: E fetaui ma le tele o fa'asalalauga fa'apisinisi, e aofia ai suau'u, solvents, acids/alkalis (pH 2-14), ausa vevela maualuga, ma kasa inert.

(4). Tausiga Faigofie & Tau Fa'agaioi maualalo

Malosi a'o le'i fa'amauina: E mafai ona toe fa'amau fa'amau a'o fa'agaioiga e fa'amalie ai le fa'aofuina o mea, fa'alautele le ola fa'amau i le 2-3 taimi pe a fa'atusatusa i fa'amau mau;

Fuafuaga mama: 30% e mama atu nai lo u'amea fa'amea o le fa'amatalaga tutusa, fa'afaigofieina i-le fa'aogaina ma fa'apipi'i;

Leai ni mea faigaluega faʻapitoa e manaʻomia: Faʻamavaeina ma faʻapipiʻi e mafai ona faʻamaeʻaina i se faʻamau masani, faʻaitiitia le tau o tagata faigaluega.

4. Talosaga masani

Fa'avae i luga o fa'amatalaga fa'atauga fa'alelalolagi ma su'esu'ega fa'amatalaga a tagata fa'aoga, o lo'o fa'aaogaina lautele fa'amau fa'apipi'i graphite i fa'ailoga fa'amaufa'ailoga fa'amalosi mo masini feliuliua'i/gaioi i luga o alamanuia autu:

Vaega o Alamanuia	Meafaigaluega Sini	Fa'amatalaga Fa'atatau Fa'atatau
Alamanuia Petrochemical	Pumu centrifugal, alatoto faitotoa	Fa'amau fa'amau mo pamu fesiita'i suau'u mama; Fa'amauina o alavai mo alavai -fa'aa'e fa'alalo fa'aalafua (fa'asalalauga: suau'u mama, suau'u vai, ethylene glycol)
Malosiaga Malosiaga	Ausa afi, pamu vai fafaga	Fa'amau fa'amau mo pamu condensate i iunite mana vevela; Fa'amau fa'amau fa'amau mo masini faaniukilia fesoasoani (fa'asalalauga: -maualuga maualuga ausa, vai fa'ama'i)
Alamanuia tau vailaau	Centrifuges -mama, tane fefiloi	Fa'amaufa'ailoga mo tane fa'afefiloi vaila'au mama; Fa'amaufa'ailoga mo pamu fesiita'i fa'agutu fa'asuavai (fa'amana'omia le FDA 21 CFR Vaega 177.2600, e leai se vai leaga)
Alamanuia Metallurgical	Pa'u fa'aluma, alatoto o le ogaumu	Fa'amau fa'amau mo pamu slurry mill u'amea; Fa'amauina o alavai mo alavai vevela o le ogaumu (media: maualuga-slurry slag vevela, ea vevela)
Mea'ai & Meainu	E fa'atasi, pamu sua	Fa'amaufa'ailoga fa'amau mo fa'ameamea susu; Fa'amau fa'amau mo pamu fa'afefe sua (meafaitino: 316L u'amea u'amea, ele -fa'amaonia ma faigofie ona fa'amama)